#Menucal drug skin#
We have examined the use of factional lasers to create micro-channels in the skin that may be used as conduits for cell delivery locally to tissues and also allow for systemic administration –. Delivering cells directly to broad areas at predetermined depths is also not possible with these techniques.
Developing unique methods of cell delivery will broaden the way in which cells can be used therapeutically. Surgical techniques will however require compatibility with the wound healing process and embedding cells into matrices may impact their mobilization to targeted tissues. Alternatively, cells may also be delivered surgically by placement into the surgical field either alone or by incorporating them into a matrix material. The needle diameter chosen for injection also has to be carefully considered so cells are not damaged shearing forces. With injections, the pressure gradient created during injection can cause significant damage to cells. Injection and surgical implantation techniques have been used when trying to administer cells locally to specific sites. For stem cell based therapies directed at specific tissue repair, a more localized delivery of cells might be preferred but how these locally administered stem cells will behave and where they will engraft is in many cases uncertain. The most common means of delivering cells systemically has been by intravenous infusion for purposes such as blood cell transfusion. Cells have several distinct properties that differ significantly from traditional agents such as their relatively large size and their rather fragile nature. There are nevertheless special considerations that must be taken into account when considering cell-based therapeutics. Stem cell based therapies have the potential to address many disorders that currently have few if any therapeutic alternatives –. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by internal University of Miami funding sources. Received: DecemAccepted: FebruPublished: March 25, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Rodriguez-Menocal et al. PLoS ONE 9(3):Įditor: Graca Almeida-Porada, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States of America (2014) Percutaneous Bone Marrow Transplantation Using Fractional Ablative Erbium:YAG Laser. This study indicates that fractional laser can be used to deliver stem cells through the skin and remain functionally intact.Ĭitation: Rodriguez-Menocal L, Salgado M, Davis S, Waibel J, Shabbir A, Cox A, et al. Chimerism could be detected in the peripheral blood of recipient C57BL/6 mice that were pretreated with ablative fractional laser and had topically applied enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled bone marrow cells from syngeneic donor transgenic mice. In this report we used a fractional ablative Erb:YAG (Erbium/Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser to facilitate the transfer of bone marrow stem cells through the skin in a murine bone marrow transplant model. Pretreatment of the skin with ablative fractional laser appears to enhance the uptake of some topically applied drugs but the ability to effectively deliver agents to distant sites is largely unproven. This has limited the use of topically applied agents to those having specific charge, solubility and size restrictions. For a topically applied agent to reach distant body sites it must first overcome the barrier function of the skin and then penetrate into deeper structures before reaching the systemic circulation. Topical application of therapeutic agents has been a mainstay in Dermatology for the treatment of skin disorders but is not commonly used for systemic delivery.
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